ANALYSIS OF INDUS DELTA IN LIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL & NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND IMPLICATIONS IN PAKISTAN

Abstract

The Indus Delta, despite being one of the largest deltas in world, is facing severe environmental degradation due to upstream diversions, weak legal enforcement, and climate impacts. This research investigates failures of national and international environmental laws in protecting this vital ecosystem. Using doctrinal method, the study critically examines legal frameworks such as PEPA (1997), SEPA (2014), & treaties like Ramsar Convention, Indus Water Treaty etc. 

This research reveals that despite constitutional provisions and global commitments, lack of coordination, outdated laws, and poor implementation continue to harm the Indus Delta. The research highlights the legal texts and ground realities, particularly in relation to Article 9A of the Constitution recognizing the right to a healthy environment is being violated. The study recommends the strict law enforcement mechanism, necessary legal reforms, accountability and sufficient funding to prevent decline of Indus Delta. This research contributes in environmental justice discourse in Pakistan.